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In several countries, coal mining is still done manually using hand tools due to economic constraints, lack of advanced machinery, and the adaptability of traditional methods in narrow or unstable tunnels. This practice is common in nations like India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where miners dig small passages to extract coal, often in dangerous and unregulated conditions. For example, in Meghalaya, India, rat-hole mining involves workers squeezing into narrow tunnels to retrieve coal, despite its ban due to safety and environmental concerns. Similarly, in Pakistan and Afghanistan, miners work in hazardous underground tunnels with minimal protective gear. While manual coal mining provides jobs for many, it poses severe risks, including cave-ins, toxic gas exposure, and long-term health issues like lung disease, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more sustainable mining practices.
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